polarization

In isotropic materials, light can be split into ordinary and extraordinary rays.

A polaroid filter works by selectively absorbing one polarization state of light.

In birefringence, the extraordinary wave travels at the same speed in all directions.

Polarization by scattering is more effective for shorter wavelengths of light.

In an uniaxial crystal, there is one optic axis, and the refractive index is different along this axis.

The Kerr effect induces birefringence by applying an electric field to an initially isotropic material.

Dichroism refers to the absorption of one polarization component more strongly than the other.

Which of the following light waves travels slower in birefringent crystals?

An anisotropic material has the same refractive index in all directions.

A Kerr cell functions by inducing birefringence using:

Polarization by reflection occurs when light reflects off a surface at any angle.

A quarter-wave plate is used to convert circularly polarized light to linearly polarized light.

At Brewster’s angle, the reflected light is completely polarized parallel to the plane of incidence.

The extraordinary ray in birefringent materials always travels faster than the ordinary ray.

A half-wave plate introduces a phase shift of 90° between orthogonal components of light.

Which type of wave is responsible for the splitting of light into two beams in birefringent materials?

Which optical device uses birefringence to separate two orthogonal polarization states?

A λ/4 plate can convert circularly polarized light into:

Which effect demonstrates that light can be polarized by passing through certain gases or particles in the atmosphere?

Which of the following materials is commonly used in polarizing sunglasses to reduce glare?

What type of birefringent material has two optic axes?

The optic axis in a uniaxial crystal is:

Which of the following polarizers works by selectively absorbing one component of light?

Which device is used to create a controlled phase shift between two polarization states?

What happens to the extraordinary wave in a birefringent crystal when it is perpendicular to the optic axis?

What is the condition for maximum transmission in a system using crossed polarizers and a Kerr cell?

Which of the following describes the Kerr effect?

Polarization by reflection is most efficient at:

Which phenomenon explains the blue color of the sky?

Which wave plate introduces a 90-degree phase shift between orthogonal polarization components?

Which type of polarization results from the application of an external electric field?

Which of the following materials is NOT birefringent?

In the phenomenon of birefringence, light splits into how many beams?

A half-wave plate is used to:

At Brewster’s angle, the reflected light is:

What is the key difference between ordinary and extraordinary rays in birefringent materials?

Which of the following is NOT a state of polarization?

________ are used to rotate the plane of polarization by introducing a controlled phase shift between two orthogonal polarizations.

In a birefringent material, the wave that has its electric field component perpendicular to the optic axis is called the ________ wave.

The ________ constant is used to describe the amount of induced birefringence caused by an applied electric field.

The ________ effect involves light polarization due to the interaction of the light’s electric field with the electrons in atoms, causing scattering.

A quarter-wave plate can convert linearly polarized light into ________ polarized light

The refractive index for the extraordinary ray is denoted as ________, while the refractive index for the ordinary ray is denoted as ________.

When a light beam is split into two orthogonally polarized beams, this is called ________ refraction.

________ is the phenomenon where light passes through a polaroid and emerges linearly polarized.

________ light consists of waves that vibrate in more than one plane.

The ________ axis is the direction in a birefringent material where light behaves as an ordinary ray.

The ________ effect is the process by which an isotropic material becomes birefringent under an external electric field.

Birefringence is caused by a material’s ________, meaning it has different properties in different directions.

The process of converting unpolarized light into polarized light using reflection at a specific angle is called ________.

Light can be linearly, circularly, or elliptically polarized.

Birefringence occurs because the refractive index is the same in all directions within a material.

The selective absorption of one of the two orthogonal polarization states is called ________.

A material that has different refractive indices for different polarizations is described as ________.

When the refractive index of the extraordinary ray is greater than the ordinary ray, the material is described as ________ uniaxial.

The angle at which reflected light is completely polarized is called the ________ angle.

The phenomenon by which light becomes polarized after reflecting off a surface is known as ________.

Polarization by scattering is explained by ________’s theory, which shows scattering is inversely proportional to the wavelength.

A ________ plate introduces a phase shift of 180° between two orthogonal components of light.